什么是宾语从句；什么是定语从句?

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hanasi 春芽

该名网友总共回答了14个问题，此问答他的回答如下：采纳率：100%

定语从句
一、 定语从句与引导词
定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词,
而引导定语从句的词叫引导词,有关系代词和关系副词两类.
懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键.
1． 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语,whose
作定语.代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人,在定语从句中作主语)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人,在定
语从句中作宾语,可省略)
I?m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人,在定从中作表语)
A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which
或that代物,在定从中作主语)
2． 关系副词有：when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因),在定语从句中作状语.
例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从,不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从.例如：We?ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.
(which或that在定从中作主语,where不可用主语,故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语,when不可作宾语,故不可用)
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开,修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代
词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开,可以修饰主句中的某一个词,也可修饰整个句子.非限制性定语从句不能用that引导,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略.非限制性定语从句例：Li Ping?s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容,因前后两句是因果关系,此时which不可换为as.)
He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容,在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)
定语从句考点分析
1． The best work ___ Luxun wrote and __ I have read has been made into a film.
A.which;that B.that;× C.×;that D.×;×
析：如果两个定语从句并列,关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略,但后一句的不可省略,故应选C.
2． It was in 1969 ___ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.
It was 1969 __ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship.
A.when B.which C.that D.×
析：第一句是强调时间in 1969,强调结构是“It was＋强调部分＋that句”,故应选C.第二句It是表时间的,先行词1969在从句中作状语,故选A.
3． Is this the house _ Shakespeare was born?
A.at which B.which C.in which D.at where
析：观察题目,空白处只有填in which或where才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗?”这一意思,故答案为C.
4． Is this house __ Shakespeare was born?
A.where B.which C.in which D.at which
析：将此句变为陈述句；This house is __ Shakespeare was born.显然is后是一表语从句,只有选where(＝the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的出生地”这一意思,故答案为A.
5． In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person __ she could turn for
help.
A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that
析：“介词＋关系代词”要考虑短语搭配或与先行搭配,这道题短语turn to有关,故
应选A.
6． The two things __ they felt very proud were Jim?s gold watch and Della?s
hair.
A．about which B.of which C.in which D.for which
析：涉及be/feel proud of短语,故答案为B.
7． Have you ever asked him the reason __ may explain his being late.
A.why B.that C.for which D.what
析：此题易误选A、C,因为先行词是the reason,但细观察分析,定语从句缺少主语,所以答案是B.注意what不能引导定语从句.
8． Farming is difficult __ there is no rain.
A.where B.in place C.that D.the place where
析：因为difficult是形容词,故其后不是定语从句.这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句where(＝in the place where),全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”.这一意思,可见答案为A.
9． We need the same machine __ in your factory.
A.which is being used B.as is being used
C.that is being used D.as it is being used
析：根据“the same＋先行词”后跟as引导定语从句的原则,可知答案为B.
10．___ the people,not things ___ are most important.
A.There are;who B.Those are;that C.It is;that D.It was;who
析：仔细观察分析题目,可知只有C构成强调句才有成立.当我们要检验视其为强调
句的判断是否正确时,只要将“It is (或was)..that”这三个词去掉,剩下部分读
起来正确无误,则证明判断是正确的,反之是错误的.此题如不填“It is…that”
三词,句子是The people,not things are most important.语义完整正确,说明选
C是对的.

1年前他留下的回答

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