英语翻译Quantum electrodynamics (QED),some processes in which we

英语翻译
Quantum electrodynamics (QED),some processes in which we have discussed above,is the prototype quantum field theory.It is characterised by two crucial properties,renormalisability and gauge invariance,which we mention briefly here.Figure 2.1(f) shows a single electron emitting and reabsorbing a virtual photon or a virtual electron-positron pair.The electron line itself in a Feynman diagram represents a “bare” electron ,whereas the real observable particles are the “bare” particles “dressed ” by these virtual processes,the so-called”self-energy” terms which contribute to the mass and charge of the electron that the experimentalist measures.There is no restriction on the momentum k of particles in such virtual states,and such terms are of the form and thus logarithmically divergent.
Divergent terms of this type are present in all QED calculations,e.g.in all the other processes shown in Figure 2.1.Fortunately,it is found possible to redefine the mass or charge as follows.The “bare”mass or charge or (the purely fictitious and unmeasurable value that would obtain in the absence of self-interaction terms )is always found to be multiplied by a dimensionless term containing the divergent integral;since this combination occurs in all calculations,it is therefore replaced by the physical values e,m as determined from experiment.This process is called renormalisation.The procedure is highly technical and beyond the scope of this text.We simply remark that it results in predictions that are,as we have seen ,in incredibly good agreement with experiment.
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量子电动力学（量子电动力学） ，其中一些工序中，我们讨论了上述情况，是原型量子场论。它的特点是由两个关键性能， renormalisability和规范不变性，我们略述here.figure 2.1 （六）显示，单电子发射与派到一个虚拟光子或一个虚拟的电子-正电子对。电子线路正处在一个费曼图是一个"裸"电子，而真正看得见的粒子是"裸露"粒子" ，身着" ，由这些虚拟过程，即所谓的"自我能量"的条款...

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